| 摘要: |
| ［摘要］目的 了解昆明市儿童哮喘的危险因素，提出该地区的哮喘防治策略．方法 确诊为典型哮喘的患儿填写哮喘儿童调查表，并按照1:1配对设计的病例对照研究方法要求，随机抽取与确诊患儿相匹配的儿童填写非哮喘儿童调查表．建立问卷数据库，并对数据进行整理、分析．采用McNemar检验方法进行差异性分析，采用Logistic回归分析中ForwardLR检验方法对哮喘患儿高危因素进行相关性分析．结果 个人药物过敏史、家族过敏史、过敏性鼻炎、食物过敏、过早添加蛋白质辅食（3～6个月）、房屋装修等因素与哮喘发病有关（P＜0.05）．1岁以内使用抗生素亦与哮喘发病有关（P＝0.033）．家族过敏史、过早添加蛋白质辅食与房屋装修等因素为哮喘发病的独立危险因素．结论 遗传因素、过早添加蛋白质饮食和室内外环境的污染、婴幼儿期使用抗生素可能是哮喘发病的高危因素．在儿童肺功能出现异常以前的哮喘高危因素暴露关键时期，哮喘的早期预防及早期诊断和治疗在高原及亚高原地区显得更为重要． |
| 关键词: ［关键词］哮喘 危险因素 儿童 病例对照研究 |
| DOI： |
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| 基金项目:［基金项目］第三次全国儿童哮喘流行病学调查昆明调查点项目 |
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| Risk Factors for Asthma in Children in Kunming City， China |
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DAI Mei1,2,3
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1.（1）Dept. of Pediatrics，The 1st Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University，Kunming Yunnan 650032;2.２）First People’s Hospital of Yunnan Province，Kunming Yunnan 650034;3.３）Kunming Children’s Hospital，Kunming Yunnan 650228，China）
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| Abstract: |
| ［Abstract］Objectives To investigate the risk factors for asthma in children in Kunming City and to propose asthma control strategy in the region. Methods Children with confirmed diagnosis of asthma， as well as an equal number of non-asthmatic children，were selected for a case-control study. Questionnaires regarding asthmatic and non-asthmatic children were filled out respectively. Double entry and validation were adopted for all data and analysis was carried out using Epi-Info software. McNemar test method was used for difference analysis and logistic regression analysis method was used for correlation analysis between the risk factors. Results Factors including history of drug allergy，family history of allergy，allergic rhinitis，food allergies， adding protein content in baby foods prematurely （3-6 months） and house renovation were associated with asthma （P＜0.05）. Another risk factor was the use of antibiotics within one-year-old （P＝0.033）. Family history of allergy，adding protein content in baby foods prematurely （3-6 months）， house renovation were the independent risk factors for asthma，with odds ratios of 5.583， 2.236 and 2.083 respectively. Conclusion Genetic factors，adding protein content in baby foods prematurely， house renovation and the use of antibiotics within one-year-old may be the risk factors for asthma. Early prevention and treatment of asthma are more important before children develop abnormal lung function， especially in the plateau or sub-plateau region. |
| Key words: ［Key words］Asthma Risk factor Child Case-control study |